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How to create a marketing plan for your small business - build a brand, target customers and set prices that will maximise sales.

The internet has transformed business marketing. No matter what you do, the internet is likely to be at the heart of your marketing strategy.

Social media is firmly established as a marketing tool. Having a presence opens up new lines of communication with existing and potential customers.

Good advertising puts the right marketing message in front of the right people at the right time, raising awareness of your business.

Customer care is at the heart of all successful companies. It can help you develop customer loyalty and improve relationships with your customers.

Sales bring in the money that enables your business to survive and grow. Your sales strategy will be driven by your sales objectives.

Market research exists to guide your business decisions by giving you insight into your market, competitors, products, marketing and your customers.

Exhibitions and events are valuable for businesses because they allow face-to-face communication and offer opportunities for networking.

Choosing the right route to market

You could have the best product or service in the world, but it will fail if you don't put it in front of the right customers. To maximise your chances of business success, you will need to identify the most effective sales channels

There are no bad routes to market - but you can easily overlook the best ones if you don't do the market research to find out where and how your target customers prefer to buy.

Get to know your customer's buying habits

All firms need to understand their customers before considering which sales channels to put their resources into. Sales channels are usually divided into

  1. direct channels, such as sales reps, shops, websites, mail order and exhibitions;
  2. indirect channels, such as sales agents, distributors and franchisees.

You will need to speak to your customers to find out what they buy, where they buy, how they prefer to buy and why they buy. Different customers in different sectors can have very different buying habits and expectations.

A consumer, for example, will expect an online sales channel for books and DVDs. On the other hand, an engineering buyer considering a complex product will need face-to-face contact to discuss technical details and build a long-term relationship with the seller.

Whoever you are selling to - whether a consumer or a business customer - you will need to appreciate the needs of the individual buyer, and ensure that you can cater to them.

Choosing the right sales channel

There are pros and cons to all sales channels. With email marketing, for example, data protection laws must be considered, and the response rate can be low. But it is an inexpensive route to market.

Trade shows or exhibitions can be an effective way to directly reach potential customers - but there may be a risk attached to being placed right next to your competitors.

Using a sales agent or telesales team can work well, especially if selling is not your strong point. But such third parties may be more likely to focus on immediate sales rather than establishing long-term relationships with customers, and there are control issues to consider.

Importantly, however, you must not assume that your competitors have got it right. The evidence of your market research should inform every decision you take when picking your sales channels.

Measuring results from each channel

Once you've settled on your sales channels, you will need to promote them to your target customers - after all, if they don't know you're there, how can they buy from you?

You will also need to measure the number of sales and enquiries from each of the channels you have chosen. This will tell you which generate the most sales, and which you should scrap, if any.

Measuring return on investment will tell you the real cost of a particular route to market. If you have any that are uneconomical, or more effort than they are worth, stop using them. Focus only on the channels that actually make you a good return.

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